小氮肥清洁生产实践

文章介绍了沅江市氮肥厂废水闭路循环、尾气回收、废渣综合利用等工程,并介绍了该厂的生产工艺、污染源分布及排污特点。     

Land use externalities, open space preservation, and urban sprawl

Parcel data on residential land conversion are used to investigate how land use externalities influence the rate of development and modify policies designed to manage urban growth and preserve open space. Several “smart growth” policies are found to significantly influence land conversion, including a development clustering policy that concentrates development and generates preserved open space. In addition to directly affecting a parcel's hazard rate of conversion, this policy is found to affect neighboring parcels' conversion by generating a positive open space externality that hastens their development. The implication that the clustering policy could generate a more sprawled pattern of development is explored using spatial simulation.     

The housing question in Japan

This article first examines how bad housing conditions are in Japan based on international comparisons. The next question is whether the extremely high land prices in Japan can be explained by economic logic. We then turn to more specific housing policy questions that are peculiar to or important in Japan, such as the tax advantages of owning land that have caused under-utilization of land and the reasons why the average size of Japanese rental housing is so small.     

中西方国家农产品流通比较

发达国家农产品流通主要是通过批发市场,多以公开拍卖的现代化销售方式进行;流通组织主体多元化,特别是农业专业合作社十分发达;政府的流通管理归口划一,行业协会发挥作用较大.同时,许多发达国家都把农产品的贮藏、保鲜、加工放在农业的首位,非常重视农产品加工及其深度利用技术,农产品质量检测体系健全.农产品流通支持政策也较多.相比之下,中国的农产品流通还有许多工作要做.     

论现代流通方式

流通方式是指商品由生产领域进入消费领域所采用的方法和形式的总和，现代流通方式是适应现代生产和消费的要求及流通发展要求的各种流通方式所形成的体系。流通的发展主要通过流通方式的变革体现出来，并在近一个世纪里由传统的流通方式演化为现代流通方式。发展现代流通方式是从根本上改变我国流通产业发展滞后的状况、发挥流通产业对国民经济先导作用的重要措施。     

论流通观念创新

市场经济的实质和核心是交换经济、流通经济;流通不仅是中介,而且直接渗透到再生产的各个领域;流通不是地摊经济,现代流通也要运用高新技术,实现流通现代化;开放是流通的本质特征,市场经济的发达程度与流通的开放程度紧密相连;品牌本身是一种流通现象,品牌形象形成名牌和名牌经济,要在扩大对外开放中让中国自己的名牌走向世界。     

农村商品流通对农村经济增长的影响与对策

改革开放以来,我国农村商品流通得到快速发展,极大地促进了农村经济的发展。通过计量模型分析表明,农村商品流通对农村经济增长的贡献在持续增加。大力搞活农产品流通,培育农村消费市场,发展多层次的流通组织,促进城乡商品流通统筹发展,将更进一步促进农村经济的发展。     

失地农民社会保障需求与供给分析

失地农民的土地保障功能正逐渐消失，而其他形式的社会保障基本上还没有建立起来，失地农民的生活风险凸现。我国失地农民社会保障供给和需求之间严重不平衡，缺口较大，有必要建立失地农民社会保障体系，以维护社会稳定。建立失地农民社会保障制度可以营造稳定的发展环境；提高土地管理效率；加快农民向城镇居民的转变；有利于扩大社会保障网，增强社会保障的调节功能；有利于促进人力资本的投资发展。     

Land conservation and tenure security in Kenya: Boserup's hypothesis revisited

Land conservation technologies used by farmers are known to play an important role in improving farm incomes and household welfare in the long run. For this reason substantial investments have been made in research to improve agricultural technologies in various parts of the world, from the development of new crop varieties to new practices of land management. This paper explores the impact of land rights among other factors on adoption of soil and water conservation practices. The study further tests for Boserup's hypothesis (correlation between population density, land conservation and property rights) using panel survey data collected from farming households. The key findings of the paper are that property right regimes and population density affect both the decision to conserve land as well as the type of conservation practices used by farmers. The results further suggest a positive correlation between land tenure security and population density, thus supporting Boserup's hypothesis. The findings call for pursuit of both short-term and long-term policy measures that offer incentives for land conservation through government initiatives and participation of local communities.     

民用建筑循环冷却水系统设计的探讨

文章对多年来在民用建筑循环冷却水系统设计、运行中碰到的一些问题,提出在设计时应注意的事项及所需要采取的措施。